在python中,當(dāng)*和**符號(hào)出現(xiàn)在函數(shù)定義的參數(shù)中時(shí),表示任意數(shù)目參數(shù)收集。*arg表示任意多個(gè)無(wú)名參數(shù),類型為tuple;**kwargs表示關(guān)鍵字參數(shù),為dict,使用時(shí)需將*arg放在**kwargs之前,否則會(huì)有“SyntaxError: non-keyword arg after keyword arg”的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤
def foo(*args, **kwargs): print 'args = ', args print 'kwargs = ', kwargs print '---------------------------------------'if __name__ == '__main__': foo(1,2,3,4) foo(a=1,b=2,c=3) foo(1,2,3,4, a=1,b=2,c=3) foo('a', 1, None, a=1, b='2', c=3)
結(jié)果如下:
args = (1, 2, 3, 4) kwargs = {} --------------------------------------- args = () kwargs = {'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'b': 2} --------------------------------------- args = (1, 2, 3, 4) kwargs = {'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'b': 2} --------------------------------------- args = ('a', 1, None) kwargs = {'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'b': '2'} ---------------------------------------
還有一個(gè)很漂亮的用法,就是創(chuàng)建字典:
def kw_dict(**kwargs): return kwargs print kw_dict(a=1,b=2,c=3) == {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
其實(shí)python中就帶有dict類,使用dict(a=1,b=2,c=3)即可創(chuàng)建一個(gè)字典了。